ABSTRACT
Hotline crisis counselors witness trauma in others, leaving them vulnerable to compassion fatigue and burnout. Vicarious resilience can counterbalance the harmful effects of trauma work and help individuals avoid vicarious traumatization. This dissertation examined four research questions constructed to explore the lived experiences of child abuse hotline crisis counselors over thirty-six months, both before and during the COVID-pandemic. Furthermore, the recent implementation of text and chat, in addition to a traditional phone call, has ushered in new issues of abuse and concern brought on by the pandemic (i.e., isolation, fear of sickness and death, employment, housing and childcare insecurities, school closures, remote work, divisive custody issues related to masks and vaccines). Using a phenomenological methodology, this study draws upon three years of focus group data (2019, 2020, & 2021). Six focus groups were conducted with twenty-six hotline counselors over the three years to address the research questions that explore the counselors' professional experiences before and during the pandemic. Analysis of the focus group transcriptions included a single-year analysis that looked at each year and a cross-year analysis to look at themes generated by analyzing all years together. Themes of resilience, workspace, and healing found that the hotline counselors shared positive experiences and personal growth from their work with implications of advocating for self-care not as an individual issue but as a larger collective issue among counselors. The results of this study will advance the concept of vicarious resilience, trauma-informed practices, and, most importantly, sustaining, and empowering helping professionals in challenging times. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)
ABSTRACT
Hotline crisis counselors witness trauma in others, leaving them vulnerable to compassion fatigue and burnout. Vicarious resilience can counterbalance the harmful effects of trauma work and help individuals avoid vicarious traumatization. This dissertation examined four research questions constructed to explore the lived experiences of child abuse hotline crisis counselors over thirty-six months, both before and during the COVID-pandemic. Furthermore, the recent implementation of text and chat, in addition to a traditional phone call, has ushered in new issues of abuse and concern brought on by the pandemic (i.e., isolation, fear of sickness and death, employment, housing and childcare insecurities, school closures, remote work, divisive custody issues related to masks and vaccines). Using a phenomenological methodology, this study draws upon three years of focus group data (2019, 2020, & 2021). Six focus groups were conducted with twenty-six hotline counselors over the three years to address the research questions that explore the counselors' professional experiences before and during the pandemic. Analysis of the focus group transcriptions included a single-year analysis that looked at each year and a cross-year analysis to look at themes generated by analyzing all years together. Themes of resilience, workspace, and healing found that the hotline counselors shared positive experiences and personal growth from their work with implications of advocating for self-care not as an individual issue but as a larger collective issue among counselors. The results of this study will advance the concept of vicarious resilience, trauma-informed practices, and, most importantly, sustaining, and empowering helping professionals in challenging times. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)
ABSTRACT
Child maltreatment is a global public health problem, and school-based universal prevention programs such as the Speak Up Be Safe (SUBS) curriculum can be an effective solution to help address child violence. This randomized control study employed a pre-, post-, and six-month follow-up design for students in kindergarten to grade 8, approximately ages 5-13 (n = 2797). Surveys measured the efficacy of the curriculum in increasing students' knowledge of safety rules and self-protection strategies. The analyses explored the differences at follow-up between the conditions for each index/scale for each grade using an analysis of covariance, which controlled for the pre-survey scores. The SUBS group had significantly higher scores at follow-up than the students in the control group. This study showed that the students learned new knowledge and skills to act upon and identify child abuse and neglect in keeping themselves and others safe. Policy- and decision makers now know that as a child maltreatment prevention program, SUBS can be implemented universally in schools at a low cost, delivering an essential evidence-based safety curriculum that protects students from child maltreatment.
Subject(s)
Child Abuse , Schools , Adolescent , Child , Child Abuse/prevention & control , Child, Preschool , Curriculum , Humans , Power, Psychological , School Health ServicesABSTRACT
La epidemia de COVID-19 ha modificado la cultura de la comunicación. La solución para los problemas de salud puede ser asertiva cuando es consensuada. El método Delphi es una herramienta de consenso que emplea rondas de listas de preguntas para recopilar información del conocimiento de un panel de expertos que analizan planteamientos y posibles soluciones a problemas. Se basa en la premisa de que, con la libertad del anonimato, la inteligencia combinada mejora el juicio individual y captura la opinión colectiva experta. El proceso del método es muy flexible, pues las rondas de preguntas pueden realizarse de manera presencial o remota. En este artículo se describe cómo implementar el método Delphi convencional en tiempos de confinamiento, y se analizan la utilidad y las limitaciones del método para su uso por expertos en salud para la resolución de problemas de tratamiento, diagnóstico o administrativos. Las tecnologías actuales para recolectar los datos permiten gran flexibilidad en el formato de los cuestionarios y facilitan la recopilación de la opinión experta. Gracias a su adaptabilidad, el método Delphi se está convirtiendo en una estrategia popular que involucra los ámbitos cualitativo y cuantitativo.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: More than 180 million people have been infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and more than 4 million coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients have died in 1.5 years of the pandemic. A novel therapeutic vaccine (NASVAC) has shown to be safe and to have immunomodulating and antiviral properties against chronic hepatitis B (CHB). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A phase I/II, open-label controlled and randomized clinical trial of NASVAC as a postexposure prophylaxis treatment was designed with the primary aim of assessing the local and systemic immunomodulatory effect of NASVAC in a cohort of suspected and SARS-CoV-2 risk-contact patients. A total of 46 patients, of both sexes, 60 years or older, presenting with symptoms of COVID-19 were enrolled in the study. Patients received NASVAC (100 µg per Ag per dose) via intranasal at days 1, 7, and 14 and sublingual, daily for 14 days. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The present study detected an increased expression of toll-like receptors (TLR)-related genes in nasopharyngeal tonsils, a relevant property considering these are surrogate markers of SARS protection in the mice model of lethal infection. The HLA-class II increased their expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cell's (PBMC's) monocytes and lymphocytes, which is an attractive property taking into account the functional impairment of innate immune cells from the periphery of COVID-19-infected subjects. NASVAC was safe and well tolerated by the patients with acute respiratory infections and evidenced a preliminary reduction in the number of days with symptoms that needs to be confirmed in larger studies. CONCLUSIONS: Our data justify the use of NASVAC as preemptive therapy or pre-/postexposure prophylaxis of SARS-CoV-2 and acute respiratory infections in general. The use of NASVAC or their active principles has potential as immunomodulatory prophylactic therapies in other antiviral settings like dengue as well as in malignancies like hepatocellular carcinoma where these markers have shown relation to disease progression. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Fleites YA, Aguiar J, Cinza Z, et al. HeberNasvac, a Therapeutic Vaccine for Chronic Hepatitis B, Stimulates Local and Systemic Markers of Innate Immunity: Potential Use in SARS-CoV-2 Postexposure Prophylaxis. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2021;11(2):59-70.